Nanogel technology: preparation strategies and therapeutic uses

Abstract

Nanogels also known as nanohydrogels are a class of 3D network comprised of natural synthetic, or hydrophilic polymers. The high-water content allows them to swell an enable them to catch hold of macromolecules and drug moieties that respond to external stimuli. The three-dimensional network enhances their stability and tunability with reduced side effects and degradation. The extensive research in miscellaneous field has produced various nanogels with distinct characteristics. Therefore, the simplification of these novel methodologies and their practical applicability would assist in designing nanogels with versatile properties, thereby enhancing drug delivery and targeting efficiency in biomedical and theranostic applications. In addition, the investigations would be helpful to resolve the limitations in conventional therapies such as side effects decreased stability cytotoxicity, non-targeted drug delivery etc. The surface modification results in drug targeting, and enhanced circulation time which increases the bioavailability of the drug molecules. The nanogels because of their biodegradability, biocompatibility, small size, stimuli responsive drug delivery, enhanced drug loading capacity, and tailored functionalities enable their potent applicability towards various fields. In this current comprehensive review, we discuss the updated technologies for the preparation of nanogels and their applicability in treating various diseases and pathological complications.