Exploring the Anti-Diabetic Properties of Neem, Curry and Tulsi Leaves: A Review

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a major chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent Hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion or insulin resistance. The increasing prevalence of diabetes and the limitations of conventional antidiabetic drugs have led to growing interest in medicinal plants as complementary therapeutic agents. this review explores the antidiabetic potential of Neem (Azadirachta indica), Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum), and Curry leaves (Murraya koenigii) based on published scientific literature. These plants contain several bioactive phytochemicals, including flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, eugenol, nimbin, azadirachtin, and carbazole alkaloids, which exhibit antihyperglycemic activity through multiple mechanisms. The reviewed studies demonstrate that these medicinal plants enhance insulin secretion, improve insulin sensitivity, inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, reduce oxidative stress, and protect pancreatic β-cells. Among the three plants, Neem and Curry leaves showed comparatively stronger glucose-lowering effects, while Tulsi exhibited excellent antioxidant and insulin-sensitizing properties. Overall, the findings suggest that these medicinal plants have significant potential as complementary therapies for diabetes management. However, further clinical studies are required to confirm their long-term efficacy and safety before routine therapeutic use.