Artificial Intelligence and Green Pharmacy Practice: A Review of Sustainable Pharmaceutical Care in Primary Healthcare

Abstract

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into pharmacy practice has created new opportunities for delivering sustainable, patient-centred pharmaceutical care while supporting the principles of Green Pharmacy. This review aims to summarize the current evidence on the application of AI technologies in pharmacy practice and their potential contribution to environmentally sustainable healthcare. A comprehensive review of the literature published in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was conducted using keywords including artificial intelligence, pharmacy practice, pharmaceutical care, medication management, digital health, and green pharmacy. Relevant studies published in English between 2018 and 2026 were critically evaluated. The reviewed literature indicates that AI-based clinical decision support systems, predictive analytics, machine learning algorithms, and digital adherence technologies significantly improve medication safety, optimize therapeutic outcomes, reduce medication errors, and facilitate personalized pharmaceutical care. AI also supports rational prescribing, de-prescribing of unnecessary medications, early detection of adverse drug reactions, and efficient inventory management, thereby reducing pharmaceutical waste and minimizing the environmental impact of healthcare. Furthermore, pharmacists play a crucial role in implementing AI-assisted interventions, promoting appropriate medicine use, and educating patients on the safe disposal of unused and expired medicines. Overall, AI-enabled pharmacy practice represents a promising approach for achieving sustainable healthcare by integrating digital innovation with environmental stewardship. Future research should focus on validating AI-driven pharmaceutical care models and developing evidence-based guidelines for their implementation in primary care settings.