From Marine Waste to Skin Care: Development of a Sustainable Squid Ink Eumelanin-Based Natural UV-Protective Sunscreen Gel

Abstract

Increasing exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation has increased the demand for sustainable and naturally derived photoprotective products. Conventional sunscreens mainly rely on synthetic UV filters, creating a need for eco-friendly alternatives. Squid ink, a discarded marine processing by-product, is a rich source of eumelanin, a natural pigment with UV-absorbing and antioxidant properties. This study aims to develop a sustainable squid ink eumelanin-based natural UV-protective sunscreen gel using marine waste-derived eumelanin as the active ingredient. Purified eumelanin is incorporated into a naturally derived gel base to obtain a homogeneous sunscreen gel, and the formulation is characterized using suitable analytical techniques. The proposed formulation highlights sustainable marine waste utilization while exploring a naturally derived photoprotective cosmetic product. Further studies on stability, skin compatibility, SPF, and safety evaluation are recommended.