Prevalence of Circadian Syndrome and Associated Factors Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Erode: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Abstract

Circadian Syndrome (CircS) integrates metabolic abnormalities, sleep disturbances, and depression, providing a broader assessment of cardiometabolic risk than metabolic syndrome. Evidence on CircS among Indian patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) remains limited. Objective: To determine the prevalence of Circadian Syndrome and its associated factors among patients with T2DM. Methods: A prospective hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 385 adults with T2DM. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical data were collected. Sleep quality and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Circadian Syndrome was identified using established diagnostic criteria. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, independent t-test, and multivariable logistic regression. Results (synthetic demonstration data): The synthetic prevalence of CircS was 62.3%. CircS was significantly associated with obesity, poor glycaemic control, elevated triglycerides, poor sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and longer diabetes duration (p<0.05). Poor sleep quality (AOR=3.74) and obesity (AOR=2.84) were the strongest independent predictors. Conclusion: These synthetic demonstration findings highlight the potential value of routine CircS screening to support comprehensive diabetes management.