Development of a Multifunctional Floating Eco-Tablet for Drain Odor Reduction and Mosquito Control

Abstract

Open drains are a major source of unpleasant odor, mosquito breeding, and environmental pollution, increasing the risk of vector-borne diseases such as dengue and malaria. The present study aims to develop a multifunctional floating eco-tablet for simultaneous drain odor reduction and mosquito control using biodegradable and eco-friendly materials. The tablet is formulated with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as the floating polymer matrix and starch as the natural binder. Activated charcoal is incorporated as an effective odor-adsorbing agent to remove foul-smelling gases from drain water. A combination of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate provides buoyancy, enabling the tablet to float on the water surface for prolonged action.
Neem extract and citronella oil are incorporated as natural mosquito-control agents, providing sustained release of herbal actives that help prevent mosquito larval development while remaining environmentally safe. Upon contact with water, the tablet floats, gradually releases the active ingredients, reduces unpleasant odors, and minimizes mosquito breeding. The formulation will be evaluated for floating lag time, total floating duration, odor reduction efficiency, mosquito larvicidal activity, drug release profile, stability, and biodegradability. The proposed eco-tablet is expected to provide a low-cost, biodegradable, and user-friendly solution for improving sanitation and reducing mosquito-related public health risks. This innovative formulation has potential applications in household drains, stagnant water bodies, sewage channels, and community sanitation programs, offering a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to drain management and vector control.