Development and Characterization of Natural Polymer-Based Buccal Films Loaded with Fenugreek Seed Extract for Antidiabetic Activity

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia resulting from impaired insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Long-term use of synthetic antidiabetic drugs is associated with adverse effects and reduced patient compliance, creating interest in herbal alternatives. Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) possesses hypoglycemic activity due to bioactive constituents including flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, and glycosides. This study aimed to develop and characterize natural polymer-based buccal films loaded with fenugreek seed extract for potential antidiabetic activity. Fenugreek seeds were authenticated, dried, powdered, and extracted using a suitable solvent. Preliminary phytochemical screening and Thin Layer Chromatography were performed to identify the major phytoconstituents. Buccal films were prepared by the solvent casting method using natural polymers and evaluated for thickness, weight variation, folding endurance, surface pH, swelling index, tensile strength, and drug content uniformity. In vitro drug release was performed using USP Dissolution Apparatus Type II in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), and antidiabetic activity was assessed by a glucose adsorption assay. The formulated films exhibited uniform physicochemical properties, satisfactory mechanical strength, controlled and sustained drug release, significant glucose adsorption capacity, and acceptable stability under different storage conditions. These findings suggest that fenugreek seed extract-loaded natural polymer buccal films represent a promising herbal drug delivery system with potential for improved antidiabetic therapy and enhanced patient compliance.