Evaluation of Anti-Asthmatic Activity of Cleome Rutidosperma Extract Using in Vitro and in Vivo Experimental Models

Abstract

The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-asthmatic activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Cleome rutidosperma (HAECR) using in vitro and in vivo experimental models, with emphasis on the effects of low and high doses of the extract. Methodology: In vitro anti-asthmatic activity was assessed using isolated rat tracheal chain preparation to study the antagonistic effect of HAECR against arachidonic acid–induced contractions. In vivo evaluation was carried out in arachidonic acid–induced asthmatic rats. Animals were treated with low and high doses of HAECR, and the effects were assessed by measuring time of onset of convulsions and percentage protection. Biochemical parameters including serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell count, lung antioxidant markers such as reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-5) were estimated. Pulmonary function was evaluated by measuring tidal volume and peak expiratory flow rate. Histopathological examination of lung tissues was also performed. Results: HAECR showed significant antagonistic activity against arachidonic acid–induced tracheal contraction, indicating bronchodilatory and antihistaminic effects. Both low and high doses of HAECR significantly delayed the onset of convulsions and increased percentage protection compared to the disease control. Treatment with HAECR resulted in a significant reduction in serum IgE levels and BALF cell count. Antioxidant parameters (GSH and SOD) were significantly restored, while tidal volume and peak expiratory flow rate were markedly improved. A significant reduction in TNF-α and IL-5 levels was observed. Histopathological findings revealed reduced bronchiolo-alveolar hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration, with improved lung architecture, particularly at the high dose. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that Cleome rutidosperma extract possesses significant anti-asthmatic activity through bronchodilatory, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant mechanisms, supporting its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for asthma management.