Spirulina platensis Nano-Dispersion Fortified Milk: A Novel Approach for Nutritional Intervention for Malnutrition

Abstract

Malnutrition remains one of the leading public health concerns worldwide, affecting growth, immunity, and overall quality of life, particularly among children and other vulnerable populations. Although conventional food fortification has shown considerable benefits, improving the delivery and utilization of essential nutrients continues to be an important area of research. Spirulina platensis, a nutrient-rich cyanobacterium containing high-quality protein, vitamins, minerals, and natural antioxidants, has gained increasing attention as a promising functional ingredient for nutritional supplementation. In order to overcome the solubility of Spirulina platenesis, the present investigation aim to develop an innovative Nano-enabled milk fortification system incorporating Spirulina platensis and to evaluate its potential as a nutritional strategy for the management of malnutrition. The formulation was designed using an optimized Nano-dispersion approach to facilitate uniform incorporation into milk while enhancing physicochemical characteristics and nutrient delivery. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization and in-vitro analytical assessments were performed to establish the suitability of the developed formulation. The Spirulina platenesis Nano-dispersion has been developed using Carbopol 940 and Polyethylene glycol at varying ratios. The amount of Spirulina plateneisis present in the formulation has been checked by UV Spectrophotometer and the in-vitro release as performed by dialysis membrane shown a sustained release pattern. The developed Spirulina platenesis Nano-dispersion has been fortified with cow milk. This formulation is intended to serve as a functional nutritional supplement for individuals at risk of, or affected by, malnutrition. By delivering essential proteins, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds through a commonly consumed dietary vehicle, the formulation has the potential to improve nutritional status and support recovery from nutrient deficiencies.